MVC Part 3

MVC stands for Model View Controller. 

It divides an application into 3 component roles which is based on a framework methodology.
These component roles are discussed briefly as follows:

i) Models : These component roles are used to maintain the state which is persisted inside the Database.

Example: we might have a Product class that is used to represent order data from the Products table inside SQL.

ii) Views : These component roles are used to display the user interface of the application, where this UI is created off of the model data.

Example: we might create an Product “Edit” view that surfaces textboxes, dropdowns and checkboxes based on the current state of a Product object.

iii) Controllers : These component roles are used for various purposes like handling end user interaction, manipulating the model, and ultimately choosing a view to render to display UI.

Note:

In a MVC application, the views are used only for displaying the information whereas the controllers are used for handling and responding to user input and interaction.

Which assembly is used to define the MVC framework and Why ?



The MVC framework is defined through System.Web.Mvc assembly.
This is because this is the only assembly which contains classes and interfaces that support the ASP.NET Model View Controller (MVC) framework for creating Web applications.

How can we plug an ASP.NET MVC into an existing ASP.NET application ?



We can combine ASP.NET MVC into an existing ASP.NET application by following the below procedure:

First of all, you have to add a reference to the following three assemblies to your existing ASP.NET application:

i) System.Web.Routing
ii) System.Web.Abstractions
iii) System.Web.Mvc

The ASP.NET MVC folder should be created after adding these assembly references.
Add the folder Controllers, Views, and Views | Shared to your existing ASP.NET application.
And then you have to do the necessary changes in web.config file.
For this you can refer to the below link:

http://www.packtpub.com/article/mixing-aspnet-webforms-and-aspnet-mvc

What are the advantages of using asp.net mvc ?



The main advantages of using asp.net mvc are as follows:

i) One of the main advantage is that it will be easier to manage the complexity as the application is divided into model,view and controller.
ii) It gives us the full control over the behavior of an application as it does not use view state or server-based forms.
iii) It provides better support for test-driven development (TDD).
iv) You can design the application with a rich routing infrastructure as it uses a Front Controller pattern that processes Web application requests through a single controller.

Explain about Razor View Engine ?



This Razor View engine is a part of new rendering framework for ASP.NET web pages.
ASP.NET rendering engine uses opening and closing brackets to denote code (<% %>), whereas Razor allows a cleaner, implied syntax for determining where code blocks start and end.

Example:

In the classic renderer in ASP.NET:



<ul>



<% foreach (var userTicket in Model)



  { %>



    <li><%: userTicket.Value %></li>



<%  } %>



</ul>





By using Razor:


<ul>



@foreach (var userTicket in Model)



{



  <li>@userTicket.Value</li>



}



</ul>


Does the unit testing of an MVC application is possible without running controllers in an ASP.NET process ?



In an MVC application, all the features are based on interface. So, it is easy to unit test a MVC application.
And it is to note that, in MVC application there is no need of running the controllers for unit testing.

Which namespace is used for ASP.NET MVC ?



System.Web.Mvc namespace contains all the interfaces and classes which supports ASP.NET MVC framework for creating web applications.

Can we share a view across multiple controllers ?



Yes, It is possible to share a view across multiple controllers by putting a view into the shared folder.
By doing like this, you can automatically make the view available across multiple controllers.

What is the use of a controller in an MVC applicatio ?



A controller will decide what to do and what to display in the view. It works as follows:

i) A request will be received by the controller
ii) Basing on the request parameters, it will decide the requested activities
iii) Basing on the request parameters, it will delegates the tasks to be performed
iv) Then it will delegate the next view to be shown

Mention some of the return types of a controller action method ?



An action method is used to return an instance of any class which is derived from ActionResult class.
Some of the return types of a controller action method are:
i) ViewResult : It is used to return a webpage from an action method
ii) PartialViewResult : It is used to send a section of a view to be rendered inside another view.
iii) JavaScriptResult : It is used to return JavaScript code which will be executed in the user’s browser.
iv) RedirectResult : Based on a URL, It is used to redirect to another controller and action method.
v) ContentResult : It is an HTTP content type may be of text/plain. It is used to return a custom content type as a result of the action method.
vi) JsonResult : It is used to return a message which is formatted as JSON.
vii) FileResult : It is used to send binary output as the response.
viii) EmptyResult : It returns nothing as the result.

Explain about 'page lifecycle' of ASP.NET MVC ?



The page lifecycle of an ASP.NET MVC page is explained as follows:

i) App Initialisation
In this stage, the aplication starts up by running Global.asax’s Application_Start() method.
In this method, you can add Route objects to the static RouteTable.Routes collection.
If you’re implementing a custom IControllerFactory, you can set this as the active controller factory by assigning it to the System.Web.Mvc.ControllerFactory.Instance property.

ii) Routing
Routing is a stand-alone component that matches incoming requests to IHttpHandlers by URL pattern.
MvcHandler is, itself, an IHttpHandler, which acts as a kind of proxy to other IHttpHandlers configured in the Routes table.

iii) Instantiate and Execute Controller
At this stage, the active IControllerFactory supplies an IController instance.

iv) Locate and invoke controller action
At this stage, the controller invokes its relevant action method, which after further processing, calls RenderView().

v) Instantiate and render view
At this stage, the IViewFactory supplies an IView, which pushes response data to the IHttpResponse object.

Explain about NonActionAttribute ?



It is already known that all the public methods of a controller class are basically treated as action methods.
If you dont want this default behaviour, then you can change the public method with NonActionAttribute. Then, the default behaviour changes.

Explain about the formation of Router Table in ASP.NET MVC ?



The Router Table is formed by following the below procedure:

In the begining stage, when the ASP.NET application starts, the method known as Application_Start() method is called.
The Application_Start() will then calls RegisterRoutes() method.
This RegisterRoutes() method will create the Router table.

In an MVC application, what are the segments of the default route ?



There are 3 segments of the default route in an MVC application.They are:

The 1st segment is the Controller Name.
Example: search

The 2nd segment is the Action Method Name.
Example: label

The 3rd segment is the Parameter passed to the Action method.
Example: Parameter Id - MVC

What are the settings to be done for the Routing to work properly in an MVC application ?



The settings must be done in 2 places for the routing to work properly.They are:

i) Web.Config File : In the web.config file, the ASP.NET routing has to be enabled.
ii) Global.asax File : The Route table is created in the application Start event handler, of the Global.asax file.

How to avoid XSS Vulnerabilities in ASP.NET MVC ?



To avoid xss vulnerabilities, you have to use the syntax as '<%: %>' in ASP.NET MVC instead of using the syntax as '<%= %>' in .net framework 4.0.
This is because it does the HTML encoding.

Example:


<input type="text" value="<%: value%>" />


Explain the advantages of using routing in ASP.NET MVC ?



Without using Routing in an ASP.NET MVC application, the incoming browser request should be mapped to a physical file.The thing is that if the file is not there, then you will get a page not found error.
By using Routing, it will make use of URLs where there is no need of mapping to specific files in a web site.
This is because, for the URL, there is no need to map to a file, you can use URLs that are descriptive of the user's action and therefore are more easily understood by users.

What are the things that are required to specify a route ?



There are 3 things that are required to specify a route.

i) URL Pattern : You can pass the variable data to the request handler without using a query string. This is done by including placeholders in a URL pattern.
ii) Handler : This handler can be a physical file of 2 types such as a .aspx file or a controller class.
iii) Name for the Route : This name is an optional thing.




Is the route {controller}{action}/{id} a valid route definition or not and why ?



{controller}{action}/{id} is not a valid route definition.
The reason is that, it has no literal value or delimiter between the placeholders.
If there is no literal, the routing cannot determine where to seperate the value for the controller placceholder from the value for the action placeholder.

Explain about default route, {resource}.axd/{*pathInfo} ...



With the help of this default route {resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}, you can prevent requests for the web resources files such as WebResource.axd or ScriptResource.axd from being passed to a controller.

Explain the difference between adding routes, to a web application and to an mvc application ?



We use MapPageRoute() method of a RouteCollection class for adding routes to a webforms application, whereas MapRoute() method is used to add routes to an MVC application.

Is there any way to handle variable number of segments in a route definition ?



You can handle variable number of segments in a route definition by using a route with a catch-all parameter.
Example:

controller/{action}/{*parametervalues}

Here * reffers to catch-all parameter.

How do you add constraints to a route ?



There are 2 ways for adding constraints to a route. They are:
i) By using Regular Expressions and
ii) By using an object which implements IRouteConstraint interface.

Explain with examples for scenarios when routing is not applied ?



Below are the 2 scenarios where routing is not applied.

i) A Physical File is Found that Matches the URL Pattern - This default behaviour can be overriden by setting the RouteExistingFiles property of the RouteCollection object to true.
ii) Routing Is Explicitly Disabled for a URL Pattern - By using the RouteCollection.Ignore() method, you can prevent routing from handling certain requests.

Explain the usage of action filters in an MVC application ?



Action filter in an mvc application is used to perform some additional processing, such as providing extra data to the action method, inspecting the return value, or canceling execution of the action method.
Action filter is an attribute that implements the abstract FilterAttribute class.

In an MVC application, which filter executes first and which is the last ?



As there are different types of filters in an MVC application, the Authorization filter is the one which executes first and Exeption filters executes in the end.

Difference between Viewbag and Viewdata in ASP.NET MVC ?



Both are used to pass the data from controllers to views.
The difference between Viewbag and Viewdata in ASP.NET MVC is explained below:

View Data:
In this, objects are accessible using strings as keys.

Example:

In the Controller:
public ActionResult Index()
{
var softwareDevelopers = new List<string>
{
"Brendan Enrick",
"Kevin Kuebler",
"Todd Ropog"
};
ViewData["softwareDevelopers"] = softwareDevelopers;
return View();
}

In the View:
<ul>
@foreach (var developer in (List<string>)ViewData["softwareDevelopers"])
{
<li>
@developer
</li>
}
</ul>

An important note is that when we go to use out object on the view that we have to cast it since the ViewData is storing everything as object.

View Bag:
It will allow the objectto dynamically have the properties add to it.

Example:

In the Controller:
public ActionResult Index()
{
var softwareDevelopers = new List<string>
{
"Brendan Enrick",
"Kevin Kuebler",
"Todd Ropog"
};
ViewBag.softwareDevelopers = softwareDevelopers;
return View();
}

In the View:
<ul>
@foreach (var developer in ViewBag.softwareDevelopers)
{
<li>
@developer
</li>
}
</ul>

An important point to note is that there is no need to cast our object when using the ViewBag. This is because the dynamic we used lets us know the type.

What are the file extensions for razor views ?



There are two types of file extensions for razor views.
They are:

i) .cshtml : This file extension is used, when the programming language is a C#.
ii) .vbhtml : This file extension is used, when the programming language is a VB.

How can you specify comments using razor syntax ?



In razor syntax, we use the below shown symbols for specifying comments.

i) For indicating the begining of a comment, we use @* syntax.
ii) For indicating the end of a comment, we use *@ syntax.

Explain the usage of validation helpers in ASP.NET MVC ?



In ASP.NET MVC, validation helpers are used to show the validation error messages in a view.
The Html.ValidationMessage() and Html.ValidationSummary() helpers are used in the automatically generated Edit and Create views by the ASP.NET MVC.
To create a view, the following steps are to be followed:

i) In the product controller,right click on the Create() action and then select the option Add View.
ii) Now check the checkbox labeled in the Add View dialog and create a strongly-typed view.
iii) Select the product class from the View data class dropdownlist.
iv) Now, select Create from the view content dropdownlist.
v) Finally, click on the Add button.

Is it possible to create a MVC Unit Test application in Visual Studio Standard ?



No, It is not possible to create a MVC Unit Test application in Visual Studio Standard.
It is also not possible to create in Visual Studio Express.
It is possible to create only in Visual Studio Professional and Visual Studio Enterprise Versions.

What is Glimpse ?



It is an Open Source platform for gathers and presents detailed diagnostic information about the execution of your web application.It tells you exactly what's going on with each request.

We used in a similar manner to client side diagnostics and debugging tools like FireBug or Chrome Developer Tools.

It is used to reveal what is happening within your ASP.NET MVC and WebForms sites.

What are the HTML attributes that have to specify in @Html.BeginForm()?



NOTE: This is objective type question, Please click question title for correct answer.

What is the difference between Session and TempData in MVC?



NOTE: This is objective type question, Please click question title for correct answer.

How to enable JQuery intellisense support in MVC?



By default, visual studio doesn't provide Jquery intellisense support, but it can be achieved by adding vsdoc.js file to razor view.

@if(false)
{
<script src="~/script/jquery-1.7.1-vsdoc.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
}

No te : If statement prevents the rendering of script tag into the Html source code and it used only by visual studio for Jquery intellisense support.

Difference between Asp.Net MVC and Webforms?



1. Asp.net Webform follows an event-driven development model whereas Asp.net Mvc follow Model, View, Controller design pattern.

2. Asp.net Webform has server controls whereas Asp.net Mvc has Html helpers for creating UI of application.

3.Asp.net Webforms has state management techniques whereas Asp.net Mvc doesn't have automatic state management techniques.

4. Asp.net Webform has file- based Urls means file name exists in Url whereas Asp.net Mvc has route-based Url.

5. In Asp.net webform, webforms(Aspx) are tightly coupled to code-behind (Aspx.cs) whereas in Asp.net Mvc, Views and logic are kept separately.

6. Asp.net Webform has Master page for consistent look and feel whereas in Asp.net Mvc layout is for this.

7. Asp.net Webform has User Controls for code re-usability whereas in Asp.net Mvc partial view is for this.

What is partial view in Asp.Net Mvc?



A partial view is like as user control in Asp.Net web form. Partial views are reusable views like as Header and Footer. It has .csHtml extension.
Partial and RenderPartial Html method renders partial view in Mvc razor.

<div>@Html.Partial("_Comments")</div>
<div>@ { Html.RenderPartial("_Comments") } </div>

What is strongly typed view in MVC?



Strongly type view is used for rendering specific type of model object. By specifying the type of data we get intellisense for that model class. View inherits from Viewpage whereas strongly typed view inherits from Viewpage<T> where T is type of the model.



What is significance of 'using' in MVC?



@using(Html.Beginform())
{
Content Here.....
}
It ensures that an object is disposed when it goes out of scope.

How to add stylesheet in view in Asp.Net Mvc?



Add stylesheet :

<link rel="StyleSheet" href="@Href(~Content/Site.css")" type="text/css"/>

What is MvcSiteMapProvider ?



It is a tool that provides flexible menus, breadcrumb trails, and SEO features for the .NET MVC framework, similar to the ASP.NET SiteMapProvider model.

You can download it as free through NuGet package for .NET MVC 2.0/3.0/4.0

How to call an action Method on the click of a link?



NOTE: This is objective type question, Please click question title for correct answer.

What is right way to define the routes.MapRoute() method in MVC?



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What is cross site request forgery (CSRF) in web application?



Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is a type of attack on the web application or on the website where a malicious user can insert or update data on behalf of the logged in user of the application by giving him a link that is not of the victim website but attackers own website.

In this type of attack the victim website user doesn't know that by clicking on malicious user link he is helping him to update malicious data into his website.

This generally happen by posting data on the victim website by a hidden form and submitting in using JavaScript or jQuery automatically.

How to avoid Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in ASP.NET MVC?



To avoid Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in ASP.NET MVC, you need to do two things.

1. Add [ValidateAntiForgeryTocken] attribute in the Controller Action method which is executing when the form data is being submitted.

2. Add @Html.AntiForgeryTocken() element in the HTML form.

What different types of Scaffold templates are there in ASP.NET MVC?



There are 6 different types of Scaffold templates in ASP.NET MVC that is used to create a view automatically based on the Model selected.

Empty:
It creates an empty view and only model type is specified in the View page using @model

Create:
It creates a view with a form that helps to create a new record for the model. It automatically generates a label and input field for each property in the Model.

Delete :
It creates a view with the list of records from the Model collection along with Delete link to delete records.

Details:
It creates a view that displays a lable and the value of each property of the Model.

Edit
It creates a view with a form for editing existing model data. It also generates a form with label and field for each property of the Model.

List:
It creates a view with html table that lists the model from the Model collection. It generates html table column for each property of the model. In general, it accepts IEnumerable<ModelType> and iterate through each item of the Enumerable collection. It automatically renders edit, delete links for each record of the Model collection in a column and Create link on the page that target to Create action.

What is the use of ViewStart in ASP.NET MVC?



In the default template of ASP.NET MVC, we get _ViewStart.cshtml page that is used to almost similar to MasterPage in ASP.NET Web Form or like a layout template.

The code of ViewStart executes before the actual view code executes. By default, _ViewStart template is applied to all view files of this or any sub directory under this directory.

The _ViewStart.cshtml file contains following code.


@{



Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";



}


As this code runs before any view code so we have flexibility to specify a different Layout for a particular view.

Because this code runs before any view, a view can override the Layout property and choose a different
one.

How to write dashed attributes of html (5) element using ASP.NET MVC Helper methods?



To write dashed attribute of HTML element using ASP.NET MVC Helper methods, we replace "-" with "_" in the anonymous type parameter. eg.


@using (Html.BeginForm("Create", "Home", FormMethod.Post,



new { data_validatable=true }))




returns below output


<form action="/Home/Create" method="Post" data-validatable="true" >


Notice, the data-validate attribute of the form element.

What is the use of Html.ValidationSummary helper method in ASP.NET MVC?



The Html.ValidationSummary helper method is used to display all validation errors in the ModelState dictionary, either model property level or errors associated with ModelState.

Model Property level errors are errors that are set as an attributes of the property of the Model. eg


[Required]



[StringLength(100, ErrorMessage="The Title must not be more than 100 characters long.")]



public string Title { get; set; }



In the above code, the Title field is a mandatory field and can only accept 100 characters.

The ModelState level errors are errors that are set by developer in the Controller by using below code snippet.


ModelState.AddModelError("", "There is an error!");




In this case, the error will be displayed in place of Validation summary like this


<div class="validation-summary-errors">



<ul>



<li>There is an error!</li>



</ul>



</div>


What should be the attribute for a Model property that corresponds to the Identity column of the database?



The attribute in the Model field for the Identity column of the database should be DatabaseGenerated(System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema.DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity) like below




[Key]



[DatabaseGenerated(System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema.DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]



[Required]



public int CategoryId { get; set; }


Thanks

In case we are returning anonymous type from Controller to the views, what should be the @model in the View?



NOTE: This is objective type question, Please click question title for correct answer.

What is MVC?



MVC is a framework pattern that splits an application logic into three different roles: Model, View and Controller.

Model: Business entity on which overall application operates.MVC does not specifically mention the Data access layer as it is encapsulated by the model.

View: User interface that renders the model into a form of interaction.

Controller: Handles the request from the view and updates the model resulting in a change in model's state.

These are the three important classes(model, view and controller) required for MVC architecture.

What does Separation of concerns means?



The process of breaking a computer program into various features that overlap in functionality implies Separation of concerns.
MVC separates the content from presentation and data-processing from content.

What is ViewStart in MVC?



For group of views that all use the same layout, this can get a bit redundant and harder to maintain.
The _ViewStart.cshtml page can be used to remove this redundancy. The code within this file
is executed before the code in any view placed in the same directory. This fi le is also recursively applied to any view within a subdirectory.
When we create a default ASP.NET MVC project, we find there is already a _ViewStart
.cshtml fi le in the Views directory. It specifi es a default layout:
@{
Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
Because this code runs before any view, a view can override the Layout property and choose a different one. If a set of views shares common settings, the _ViewStart.cshtml file is a useful place to consolidate these common view settings. If any view needs to override any of the common settings, the view can set those values to another value.

How will the data gets passed between controller and views?



The controller gets the first hit and loads the model. Most of the time we would like to pass the model to the view for displaying data and so we use session variables, viewstate and so on. But the problem with using sessions or view state object is the scope. ASP.NET sessions have session scope and the view state have page scope. In MVC, we would like the data to be maintained when the hit comes to the controller and reaches the view and after that the scope of the data should expire.

That’s where the new session management technique has been introduced in the ASP.NET MVC framework, i.e., ViewData.

How to save data entered from front-end into a pdf file?



[HttpPost]
public ActionResult SaveResumeAsPdf(FormCollection fc)
{
if (Session["UserName"] != null)
{
BaseFont font = BaseFont.CreateFont(BaseFont.COURIER, BaseFont.CP1250, false);
PdfContentByte _pcb;
Document document = new Document();
try
{
PdfWriter writer = PdfWriter.GetInstance(document, new FileStream(Server.MapPath("~/Resumes/" + Session["UserName"] + ".pdf"), FileMode.Create));
document.Open();
_pcb = writer.DirectContent;
_pcb.BeginText();
_pcb.SetFontAndSize(font, 14);
int count = 30;
foreach (string item in fc.AllKeys)
{
_pcb.ShowTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_LEFT, item, 50, 780 - count, 0);
_pcb.ShowTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_LEFT, fc[item], 250, 780 - count, 0);
count = count + 30;
}
_pcb.EndText();
writer.Flush();
}
finally
{
document.Close();
}
}
}

How to use two models in a single class?



Whenever you want to use two models in a single view, then add the models to the view in the following way,

@using MvcSampleCFA_02032014.Models;
@model Tuple<PersonCFA, AddressCFA>

Now, you can access all the properties present in the two models.

Why do we use Repositories?



Repositories are minly used in MVC. It does not mean creating the database by itself or storing the data anywhere. It is just an approach in MVC. As we have n-tier architecture in asp.net, similarly repositories are a kind of architecture in MVC where we can create a repository class and write all the business logic in this class. We can just call this method from controller and there is no need to write any kind of business logic which makes our controller simple.



Which of the following statement is true with respect to MVC?



NOTE: This is objective type question, Please click question title for correct answer.

What is the output for the expression, string[] colors = {"green", "brown", "red", "blue"}; colors.Max(c => c.length);



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How can we use css files in mvc application?



Normally, I would put most of general layout related css into content/style.css

If you use theme, then put it into content/theme/{themename}/style.css
If you create custom html control, i would try to create another css file for control and put it under content/control.css
In most of time, jquery is used in the asp.net MVC, so it make sense to put it's css in Script/jquery/{pluginName}/xxx.css
There could be more, but that's what's in my head now.

Splitting the css into multiple files is a good thing from a maintenace point of view. It makes it easier to work with and apply changes. However, multiple files can have an impact on application performance as the browser has to download each file individually. You can haev the best of both worlds though.

The technique that is recommended is to bundle all your html files for deployment so that it is served as 1 single file. The nice thing about this approach is that it lets you develop with multiple files, giving you ease of use. But get on the fly css file combination so that your browser only has to download one file.

What is used for Code-Reusability in Asp.Net Mvc ?



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Business Layer in Asp.Net Mvc is also known as ?



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Display Layer in Asp.Net Mvc is also known as ?



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Input Control in Asp.Net Mvc is also known as ?



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Most commonly used view engine in Asp.Net Mvc is ?



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In Asp.Net Mvc, the property that provides access to the route data structure for current request is ?



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Who introduced first MVC to the world ?



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In Asp.Net MVC 'ActionResults', which Result is used to return a string literally ?



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In Asp.Net MVC 'ActionResults', which Result is used to return the contents of a file ?



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In Asp.Net MVC 'ActionResults', which Result is used to return a script to execute ?



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In Asp.Net MVC 'ActionResults', which Result is used to return the data in JSON format ?



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In Asp.Net MVC 'ActionResults', which Result is used to Redirect the client to a new Url ?



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In Asp.Net MVC 'ActionResults', which Result is used to return an HTTP 403 status ?



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In Asp.Net MVC 'ActionResults', which Result is used to Redirect client to another action or another controller's action ?



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In Asp.Net MVC 'ActionResults', the Result responsible for the View Engine's response ?



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In Asp.Net MVC 'ActionResults', the Result used to get no response ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Action Filter used to cache the output of a controller is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Action Filter used to restrict an action to the authorized users ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Action Filter used to handle the raised errors when a controller action executes is ?



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In Asp.Net Mvc, the Action Filter used to turn off the request validation to allow input is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Action Filter helps to prevent cross site request forgeries ?



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In Asp.Net MVC 'Razor View', the property used to display the virtual path in the browser ?



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In Asp.Net Mvc, the property used in Razor View to return a special Html string ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the method that resides in the layout page(Razor) and acts like a 'ContentPlaceHolder' server control in MasterPage(WebForms) is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the method to achieve the content that can be filled by other pages on the disk is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the method used in the Layout Page to run the code blocks that defined in your content page is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Html helper used to create a 'form' tag is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Html helper used to render the Checkbox in Razor is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Html helper used to render the RadioButton control in Razor is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Html helper used to render a DropDown list in Razor is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Html helper used to create the 'password' type input is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Html helper used to create an input with 'hidden' type is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Html helper used to render a simple Textbox in Razor view is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Html helper used to render a large text space in Razor view is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, Html helper used for creating a Listbox in Razor view is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Html helper used to reuse the partial view's code in Razor is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Html helper that allows to setup a sub request inside of the primary Mvc request is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Entity framework approach that can import the database and generate all the classes you need to query and update the database ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Entity Framework approach used to draw a conceptual model for your application and the genere in your database schema ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Entity framework approach to write the c# classes and use those class definitions to create the database ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Html helper used for creating a label in Razor view is ?



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In Asp.Net MVC, the Attribute used to prevent the Cross-Site Request Forgery is ?



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What is the difference between Url.RouteUrl and Url.HttpRouteUrl?



Url.RouteUrl is used to generate a fully qualified URL for specified route values by using a route name configured in App_Start/RouteConfig.cs file.


@Url.RouteUrl("MyCustomRoute", new { action = "New", id = 12, Name = "Sheo" })

gives output as /CustomController/New/12?Name=Sheo


Url.HttpRouteUrl is also used to generate fully qualified URL for the specified route values but for Web API Routes. Internally this method add an "httproute" entry to routeValues. GetVirtualPath method of the Web Api route classes return null unless we include "httproute" in the values.

@Url.HttpRouteUrl("MyCustomRoute", new { action = "New", id = 12, Name = "Sheo" })</p>

gives output as /CustomController/New/12?Name=Sheo&httproute=True.

Notice httproute query-string at the end.

In MVC is mandatory to be Map route {controller}/{action}/{id} In This format only..??



Its not mandatory to be URL string must be in controller/action/params format.

If User defined in his RouteConfig file like {controller}/{action}/{id} Query string will be controller/action/id.

if user defined in his RouteConfig file like {action}/{controller}/{id} Query string will be
Action/controlleer/id.

What is the difference between Html.EditorFor and Html.TextBoxFor in ASP.NET MVC?



Html.EditorFor


@Html.EditorFor(model => model.LastName)


This HTML helper method is very dynamic in nature. Based on which type of data is passed to this method, the output changes.

For example,
1. if model property type is of string type, it renders a textbox
2. if the property type is boolean type it renders a checkbox.
3. if the property type is of integer type, it render input type="number" textbox.

In order to control the output of the Html.EditorFor we can use EditorTemplates for different data types.

Html.TextBoxFor


@Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.LastName)


This HTML helper method only renders a TextBox as output irrespective of whatever data type the model property is of.

Can we have View State in MVC?



No,we do not have ViewState concept in Asp.Net MVC that is used for storing or persisting the values of controls in the current page.
So,Asp.Net MVC pages are very Lightweighted and our request and response times becomes much faster.

Tell us Alternative to View State in MVC.



1. For retaining the values during postback in the MVC page values we can use Ajax,so that values in the control will never be clear.
2. For temporarily storing the value in current and the subsequent requests,we can use TempData concept.

How to prevent a browser from calling an action method of MVC?



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How to know whether a request is a child request in normal action method of controller?



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How to render a optional section in the _Layout page



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How to check if a particular section in defined in the view page?



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You are going to develop ASP.Net MVC application in which you need to call third-party RESTful service which will return information in the JSON format. Using that information you will populate a section of the main page of the application. But you don’t know the exact time when or how much information will be returned with each service call. What is the best way to implement this application ?



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Your are going to design dashboard functionality which will display summary information of order processing system in your asp.net mvc web application. Dashboard page will be the only place where you need to combined data which will comes from order,shipping and accounting system. What is the best to way to achieve this goal?



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Your company have several running ASP.NET MVC 4 web application. In your company no one have experience with web services. you are going to develop an application in which your data access tier must consumed by third party vendor that wants to get this information from a Restful URL which return data in the form of XML data-type. how can you achieve this task?



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You are going to develop an ASP.NET MVC 4 application which will be deploy on a web farm. For data persistence it use an Oracle database. What session configuration choices your are going to select?



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Your company is going to develop solution in which the most of the part of the application is dynamic, but some other parts need to cached for a long time. How to achieve this goal?



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Your are working on ASP.Net MVC web application and you have created a new master layout page named _AdminLayout.cshtml. how can you apply that layout in a view named Product.cshtml?



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You are working in an ASP.NET MVC web application in which you created a partial view for display menu. how can you display the partial view on the main page ?



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In your current ASP.NET MVC web application, you want accepts E-mail input field through the application’s form. When viewing the source from a browser, you find the following code: E-mail Address: <input id=”email” name=”email” size=”20” type=”text” value=”” /> which of the following Razor syntax help you to achieve this goal?



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Your are currently working in ASP.Net MVC web application in which have to exhibit view based on client device (browser,mobile etc). Which method you used for detecting the type of browser running on a client machine?



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Your are going to create asp.net mvc web application in which you have to develop different view for each of the different browsers and devices(report.iemobile.cshtml,report.operamobile.cshtml etc.) which of the following best way you choose to achieve this desire goal?



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You are going to develop an ASP.NET MVC which support both browser and mobile device. For mobile device, you only want support device with relatively small screens. Which of the following option you should use to accomplish this task?



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You need to modifying an ASP.NET MVC web application for a specific client who want the application must be viewable on Android devices. What should you do ?



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You have already developed web application in ASP.Net MVC framework. Now you want to provide support for the chrome,safari ,Firefox, and Opera web browsers with CSS3 properties in this application. Which vendor-specific extensions do you need to use?



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You have already develop ASP.Net MVC Web application. you have to worked in already developed an HTTP module. can you redirect the request to a different handler than is in the routing table? if you can do this, what event would you handle ?



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Your newly developed web application in ASP.Net MVC have found major bug on Product controller. Right now you just want to skip all Product pages until the bug is fixed. How could you achieve this task?



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What kind of helper methods does WebSecurity class provide?



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Your are developing asp.net mvc application in which you want to allow access of certain method in your controller class to a role named client which attribute or code snippet you can use to achieve this goal?



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In MVC Framework,who decides what to render in the VIEW?



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What are the keywords which specify a Route in MVC?



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Which is the default method that will be called on a controller if we do not explicitly specify in Asp.Net MVC?



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What is controller in MVC?



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What is MVC?



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What is an advantage to using first chance exception notification?



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What class handles the actual data encryption?



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How is model binding in MVC different from ViewState in ASP.net Webforms?



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What is html helper control?



In Classic ASP.NET, we have the web form controls like


<asp:button>, <asp:textbox>,<asp:lable>,<asp:datagrid> etc

After rending at the client side, these controls gets transform to standard HTML controls like


<input type="button">,<input type="text">,<span>,<table>

respectively.

Unlike Classic ASP.NET, Asp.net MVC does not provide any direct web form controls.However, they does so by providing the HTML Helper which are more lightweight in nature as compared to Classic ASP.NET web form controls.

Let us look at an example to get a more clarity on the picture

Suppose we need to have a Textbox control design in Classic ASP.NET. In that case we write


<asp:textbox id="myTxtBox" name="myTxtBox" runat="server" value="default text"/>



This get render at the browser to


<input type="text" id="myTxtBox" name="myTxtBox" value="default text""/>



The same can be achieve in Asp.net MVC by using the HTML Helper as shown below


@Html.TextBox("myTxtBox", "default text"")



From the above we can infer that, HTML Helper is like a method that returns a HTML string.

But unlike the Classic ASP.NET web form controls, HTML Helper does not have events associated with them and also does not have any view state.

Asp.net MVC provides built-in HTML Helper's, Templated Helpers. If the existing HTML Helper's does not meet the requirment, one can create Custom Html Helpers too.



What is Strongly Typed HTML Helpers?



These kind of Html Helpers comes into use when the HTML elements are created based on model properties in a strongly types view. What the statement means can be better demonstrated by an example -

Let us create a model say Employee


namespace DemoModel



{



  public class Employee



 {



    public int EmpID { get; set; }



    public string EmpName { get; set; }   



 }



}



Now let us create a strongly typed Employee using the Html helpers as under


@model DemoModel.Employee



@using(@Html.BeginForm()){







        <div>



               @Html.DisplayFor(m => m.EmpID)



               @Html.TextBoxFor(m=>m.EmpID)



        </div>







        <div>



               @Html.DisplayFor(m => m.EmpName)



               @Html.TextBoxFor(m=>m.EmpName)



        </div>



}



From the above code snippet, it is clear that the strongly typed HTML helpers work on lambda expression where the model object is passed as a value to lambda expression and we can select the field or property from model object to be used to set the id, name and value attributes of the HTML helper. The above code snippet will be render to


<div>



        <span id="EmpID" name="EmpID"> { EmpID value(s) }</span>



        <input id="EmpID" name="EmpID" type="text" value="{ EmpID value(s) }" />



</div>



<div>



        <span id="EmpName" name="EmpName"> { EmpName value(s) }</span>



        <input id="EmpName" name="EmpName" type="text" value="{ EmpName value(s) }" />



</div>


What is UnTyped Typed HTML Helper?



UnTyped Typed HTML Helpers are those HTML Helpers that are not bound to any Model data.


E.g. @Html.RadioButton("myRDBtn", "val", true)



This will be render to


<input type="radio" id="myRDBtn" name="myRDBtn" checked="checked" value="val" />



This radio button is not tied to any model and hence become an UnTyped Typed HTML Helper.

Under which situation we will go for ASP.net MVC project?



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Why we need to prefer MVC over Webforms?



Most of them all well versed with Webforms in ASP.net but MVC will make so many lives easy with its approach lets see the reasons

1) The page life cycle is much more simpler and efficient.

2) It is very light weight and there is no CodeBehind concept here.

3) It also gives us the complete control over the HTML that was rendered.

4) No Viewstate is being loaded is a major Performance booster.

5) Integration will be easy with respect to multiple Client side scripting technologies

6) As each layer is independent of other the Implementation among different bunch of developers becomes easy.

What is the role of Database Intializer for Code First approach in Entity Framework?



The main role of Database Intializer is to create the Database and the specified tables. When we use DBContext type to use the database for the very first time then Database Intializer will be called.

Creating New Database
Generally Database.SetInitializer() is the Initialization approach. This method will take the parameter of IDatabaseInitializer<TContext> where the TContext will be of DbContextType.

IDatabaseInitializer<TContext> has 3 implementations namely:
1) CreateDatabaseIfNotExists<TContext> (Creates a new Database)
2) DropCreateDatabaseAlways<TContext> (It Drops and Recreates database all the time)
3) DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<TContext>(It Drops and Recreates only when there are some modifications to the Model)

Using Existing Database

If we want to use the existing database then we need to set the Database intializer with null so that we can modify the already existing database.
Database.SetInitializer<PortalContext>(null);

Which of the following is the Segment which is important routing in MVC?



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Please mention the order of the Filters that get executed when we implement multiple filters in the application. A) Response filters B) Exception filters C) Action filters D) Authorization filters



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Can we implement Ajax using Jquery in MVC?



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What are Scaffold templates in MVC?



Generally the term scaffold means a temporary platform that was set to build some thing.

For Example: Painters put some temporary arrangements with wood to paint the outside part of a building.

So as the term suggests these scaffold templates are used to generate code for the basic CRUD operations within our ASP.NET MVC application against our database with the help of entity framework.

Steps followed to create a scaffold template are:

Step1: we need to add a controller to our project first.
Step2: Choose the respective Scaffold template to perform CRUD operations
(Ex: In AddScaffold pop up add MVC5 controller with Read/Write actions)
Step3: Giving a decent name to our controller.

So now it generates the code for insert,update and delete operations

How can we add a CSS file in Razor View?



Below is the sample code to add a css file which is already located in the application folder:


<link rel="StyleSheet" href="/@Href(~Content/Style.css")" type="text/css"/>



This shows that Style.css file is in Content folder.

What is Dependency Injection and how it is useful in MVC?



The Dependency Injection is just like a Design pattern which is predominantly used for developing loosely coupled code.

Below are the different advantages that we get using DI

1) It improves code Maintainability
2) It improves code Re-Usability
3) It improves code Coupling
4) It improves application level testing too.

What does MVC stands for ?



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What is the functionality of Model in Asp.net MVC?



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What is a View in Asp.net MVC?



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What is controller in Asp.net MVC?



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Identify the correct statement(s)?



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Identity the correct statement(s) about Action Methods of Controller in MVC



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What is the default Action Method when an MVC project gets created?



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Which is the base class for all the result type which returns from Action method?



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